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In the Prologue of Mom & Me & Mom, Maya Angelou states that her mother, Vivian Baxter’s, love sustained and liberated her as a person. Angelou’s relationship with her mother evolves, from their initial estrangement to ultimate reconciliation, into an unbreakable bond. Both women create their relationship anew with love and mutual support. Angelou does not immediately approach her mother after their reunion. Vivian’s abandonment and Angelou’s sexual assault by Vivian’s former boyfriend make her distrust her mother. However, Vivian’s honesty helps her open up. Vivian never claims to be a perfect mother but affirms motherhood and recognizes her mistakes. She explains to Angelou and Bailey that as a young woman, she was not ready to be a mother—which, while painful to the siblings, was a responsible decision.
Angelou starts to open up to Vivian when she accepts her feelings and inability to call her “mother.” Vivian recognizes she does not conform to her daughter’s expectations and accepts the name “Lady.” Angelou gains newfound respect for her, appreciating her instilling independence in her and Bailey. Vivian knows how to apologize and when to expect an apology from her children. Angelou learns mutual respect is key to forming a relationship, as anybody can be right or wrong. Vivian respects Angelou by encouraging her independence and supporting her in various pursuits. She shows remorse for her abandonment and lapses of judgment (which often result in physical abuse) by protecting her and offering advice. When Angelou becomes a mother herself, their relationship evolves once more. Vivian’s acceptance and support of her as a young single mother reinforces her self-worth: “She liberated me from a society that would have had me think of myself as the lower of the low” (75). When Angelou decides to live alone with her son, Guy, Vivian is proud of her daughter’s maturity. She urges her to remain herself, stressing that she can always return home. In response, Angelou calls Vivian “mother” for the first time.
As an adult, Angelou stills needs healthy “mothering.” When the crew charged with her film adaptation mistreats her, she calls Vivian. Vivian reaffirms her motherhood and gains the crew’s favor—and, in turn, endears them to Angelou. Angelou realizes that apart from providing love and protection, a mother “stands between the unknown and the known” (170). Overall, her own mother guides her through life’s challenges and reinforces her self-worth. Despite being apart during Angelou’s formative years, Angelou and Vivian manage to reconcile and create an unbreakable bond. Vivian’s honesty and defiance of societal norms are engraved into Angelou’s psyche, inspiring her to live life to the fullest even after her death.
Throughout the novel, multiple forms of oppression against Black women are evident. Both Angelou and her mother, Vivian, face discrimination based on race, gender, and class. In the Prologue, Angelou states she was born “black in a white country, poor in a society where wealth is adored and sought after at all costs, female in an environment where only large ships and some engines are described favorably by using the female pronoun” (1). She also notes that her mother was born “black and poor and female” in the South (3). Throughout their lives, mother and daughter fight intersectional discrimination and understand the pervasiveness of violence. Angelou experiences sexual violence at an early age, as she is assaulted by her mother’s former boyfriend. The event traumatizes her, but she survives with her grandmother’s care. She is also abused by one of her partners, Mark, who beats her for “cheating” and laughing at the accusation. Vivian knows violence is a constant threat for Black women and is well versed in self-defense. She frequently carries a gun to protect herself and her daughter. When Angelou finds her first job, Vivian guards her, fearing something might happen to her. Even though Vivian is prepared to exert violence, she does not believe it is a catch-all solution. At one point, she encourages Angelou to kill Mark but ultimately dissuades against taking lives.
At one point, Angelou wishes to work as a car conductor—but all female workers at the time are white. Because of her race, she is not even allowed to apply. The women at her local car company mock her with racial slurs, but she persists and gains a position alongside them. As a young Black woman and single mother, Angelou struggles to make ends meet and must work two jobs to raise her son, Guy. She feels guilty for not being able to devote more time to him and resents the model of motherhood set by white women: “White women who have been white all their lives and are somewhat rich […] think that everybody is like them. I have to have two jobs and can hardly make it over and I am doing the best I can” (93). However, her own mother comes to her aid, lending money and enabling her to find a better job. Even with this help, societal oppression impacts Angelou’s mental health: She feels unable to “raise a happy black boy in a racist society” (133). She seeks help at a mental health clinic, but her doctor is a white man—leaving her distraught, as he could never understand her respective struggles as a Black woman. With that said, Angelou and Vivian manage to overcome obstacles by supporting each other as family and fellow Black women.
While raising her daughter, Vivian instills in her a sense of self and womanhood. Vivian is described as a strong woman throughout the novel, exemplifying resilience. As a child, she is tougher than her brothers and learns to defend herself from potential harm. Thus, she reinforces this strength in Angelou, urging her to resist racial and gender oppression. When Angelou struggles applying for her first job, Vivian simply tells her to “[go] get it” (50). When Angelou succeeds, Vivian praises her “power and determination” to achieve anything in life (52). Vivian further defies gendered stereotypes by supporting a pregnant Angelou, rather than shaming her for having sex out of wedlock: “Having a baby while I was unmarried had not been wrong. It was simply slightly inconvenient” (72). Ultimately, this support makes Angelou feel free and reinforces her self-esteem.
When Angelou is unhappy in her marriage to Tosh Angelos, Vivian supports her again. She stresses the importance of individual identity and one’s role as a mother rather than that of wife. She agrees with her decision to divorce, as she must not allow a man to dominate her: “[A]lthough it is painful, imagine if you had allowed Tosh to take the sense of your person away” (119-20). For Vivian, motherhood and womanhood are intertwined. She stresses this connection as Angelou must ground her identity as a woman in order to be a good mother. Being a working woman herself, she frames hard work and resilience as key to freedom. When Angelou hesitates in leaving her son alone to tour Europe, Vivian urges her to go, assuring her that she will take care of him.
Vivian looks out for other women by forming a group called Stockton Black Women for Humanity to help students in need. When she learns women, particularly Black women, are not allowed to become “seamen,” she pursues the job: “I will put my foot in their door up to my hip until every woman can get in that union” (140). To the end, she nurtures her daughter and other women’s identities as women. When Vivian is sick, Angelou must leave for work but hesitates. Vivian again stresses her identity as a woman: “Go. Show them you spell your name W-O-M-A-N. I’ll be here when you get back” (193). Beyond their bond as family, Angelou and Vivian support each other as fellow Black women. With resilience, they both work hard to survive a racist, sexist society. When Vivian eventually dies, Angelou praises her hard work and declares her love for her—a love earned through shared resilience.
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