61 pages • 2 hours read
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Yessenia Lopez is the first narrator in Good Kings Bad Kings. She is a fiery Puerto Rican 10th grader who often gets herself into trouble. Her story begins in a “punishment room” that smells like a urinal at the “Illinois Learning something something” (6), which is a nursing home for disabled youths with disciplinary issues. She attends Hoover High in Chicago, where she assaulted a classmate after the girl called Yessenia a “Puerto Rican bitch” (9). Yessenia is a physically disabled student in a wheelchair, and she uses vulgar language to describe her attitude towards school and her classmates. Because her mother was not present in her life, her “tía Nene” raised her. Since her Tía Nene recently passed away, Yessenia wishes she had someone she could receive guidance from, and she dearly misses her tía. In only her second day at the “Illinois Center for Cripple whatever” (9), the institution has punished her for cutting up another girl’s blanket. Her Tía Nene told her everything happens in threes, and Yessenia wonders if after three bad things have just happened in her life, will three good things happen next?
Joanne Madsen is a data-entry worker at the “Illinois Learning and Life Skills Center, or ILLC” (11). All of the patients there struggle with discipline and have a disability. Having been in a severe bus accident, Joanne is quadriplegic in a wheelchair. She receives significant financial compensation from the Chicago Transit Authority but struggles to be physically independent. That said, she has come to terms with her situation, and she uses her good sense of humor to get ahead. She doesn’t need money but decides to work full-time in order to interact with others, knowing that she will be hired because of her disability:
People will see me coming through the door, wheelchair awhir, and momentarily freeze. Then they will marshal their resources and nervously reach out to shake my gimpy hand and smile enthusiastically while they mentally feed my résumé to the shredder (11).
Having only worked at ILLC for a week, she documents the reports on each adolescent and develops a few favorites, including Mia—a Mexican girl who isn’t allowed a power chair and must sit in the same spot each day—and Mia’s boyfriend, Teddy—a blonde-haired jokester who wears a suit every day. Because Joanne lives in the North Side of Chicago and has inherited wealth, she feels empathy for the young people in ILLC, who face neglect and abuse. Though unstimulated by her actual duties, Joanne finds joy and purpose in being around the young “crips” (11).
Ricky Hernandez, a good-looking and gentle Puerto Rican man, helps the ILLC patients in various capacities. In Mrs. Schmidt’s classroom, Ricky escorts a misbehaving student, Pierre, to the “time out room” and asks how the boy is doing; the young man responds by telling him “fuck you” (18). Ricky is accustomed to this behavior and explains that many kids have it rough at ILLC. He reveals that he had a disabled aunt who prepared him for his current role as a bus driver and security guard. He recalls his childhood in his Puerto Rican family; he never wants to be as physical and angry as his parents.
While waiting with Pierre in the time out room, he tries talking to him. Ricky wants to treat the kids respectfully and finds them to be “pretty cool” (23), despite their disruptions and disabilities. When Pierre throws up a crayon he ate in class, Ricky shows the student compassion and knows the boy is hungry, so he allows him to get lunch and return to his class.
Michelle Volkmann is a recruiter for Whitney-Palm Health Solutions—a privately-owned company that runs ILLC. Previously, ILLC was state-run, but after the state “made a mess of it” (25), WP Health Solutions became involved to help make a profit. She loves her role, and believes she will join the management team soon, since she is taking classes with the company. She is originally from Indiana, and her family thinks Chicago is full of criminals, so they never visit her.
Michelle makes $300 per patient, and she often searches until 8pm to find someone new to get the “beds filled” at ILLC (25). She is currently out looking for patients by searching the homeless shelters, and she thinks she has found an ideal candidate from afar, but when she approaches the woman, the woman tells Michelle off because she had already asked that same woman a few weeks ago, and she had refused. Then, she sees a black 14-15-year-old girl limp out of the building. Michelle speaks with the young woman and learns about the girl’s difficult life and how she was kicked out of her house two days ago. The teen is naive and trusting, so Michelle tries to sell her on the nursing home and imagines how she can spend her money if her recruitment is successful.
Written from the various perspectives of multiple characters, we begin to see the nuances and complexities in the world of teenagers with disabilities. Beginning with Yessenia, a Puerto Rican girl with explosive anger, represents the lowest class in the American social landscape: she is a poor, motherless, physically impaired girl of color from a rough section in Chicago. Her aggressive language and attitude are a defense mechanism she has developed throughout her challenging life, demonstrating the level of toughness and perseverance a young teen in her situation needs for others to see and respect her: “First thing I did was wheel right up on her, pull my footrest up offa my chair, and grab onto that hair to hold her steady and whack her across the head, and then I pushed her right offa her chair” (7). In describing how she ended up at ILLC by assaulting a high school classmate, Yessenia’s street dialect and no-nonsense attitude is notably evident and a defining characteristic from her narration.
Joanne, on the other hand, represents another class of the disabled population: a white, wealthy woman from the Northside of Chicago. North Chicago is a safer and more glamorous part of Chicago, and this distinction is the author’s way of creating a spectrum of characters who are tied to a time and place but who may experience completely different realities. Despite initially struggling with her sudden disability after a bus hit her, Joanne is carefree, humorous, and witty. She can afford—literally and figuratively—to be easygoing because she has no financial or social constraints. Her outlook is positive, and she is compassionate because she doesn’t have to endure the same harsh circumstances as the many disabled youths she interacts with—such as Yessenia. Her character provides an example of social commentary on the fairness—or unfairness—that many disabled people in the US (and world) experience. Joanne is lucky to receive many benefits for her disability, but her comments on receiving work because of her disability exposes how the world perceives her, and others like her, differently.
Ricky is the first narrator who isn’t disabled, though he has family experience with a mentally disabled aunt. His rough upbringing as a Puerto Rican in Chicago with strict and pseudo-abusive parents inform his opinions on how young people should be treated. His symbolic role as a school bus driver and a security guard at ILLC exhibit his ability as a large, able-bodied male to care for others—he helps teachers when students are acting out, but he also helps students navigate their anger.
Michelle’s point of view offers the largest contrast between all the characters, as she represents the financially privatized perspective. She works for a company that makes money by recruiting people in need to places like ILLC, so her desire for profit is her motivation rather than a desire to help people. Her perspective highlights the theme of “The Harmful Effects of Corporate Greed and Capitalism,” even when dealing with the lives and health of human beings. Her financially opportunistic mentality is clear when she considers her purchases and adds “Homeless shelters can be really profitable. I mean, I’m kidding, but it’s true” (30).
Moreover, Michelle is naive. As a lower-level employee who must tirelessly scour the streets and shelters of Chicago to find patients, she believes that, if she works hard enough, she will ascend to a higher management rank. Early foreshadowing indicates her character will overlook the health and wellness of others in order to satisfy her professional credibility and financial dreams.
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