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As Red and Abby Whitshank prepare for bed one night in July 1984, their son, Denny, calls them and proclaims that he’s gay. After Red’s audible annoyance, Denny quickly hangs up. Abby’s upset with Red for being so rude, but Red rationalizes that not only is Denny not gay, but he only said it to elicit anger. Denny, a 19-year-old kid who lives a nomadic lifestyle, enjoys being the “black sheep” of his family: They never know his whereabouts, and he doesn’t keep in constant contact. Despite Abby’s concern, Red assures her Denny will call back one day. She soon blames Red for Denny’s behavior, however, while Red blames her for mothering Denny too much. Abby is a social worker, and he feels she mixes work life with home life, while Red is a construction worker who, according to Abby, chased Denny away with burdensome masculinity. Red eventually comforts Abby, and they fall asleep in each other’s arms.
Denny resurfaces. He calls once to ask for money for college books, and another time to obtain a ticket home for Christmas. Both times, however, his sexuality isn’t touched upon. Instead, the Whitshanks learn that Denny has withdrawn from school and is going to visit a girlfriend—of whom neither know anything about—before Christmas. Though good-looking, and more generous than his brother Stem and sisters Amanda and Jeannie, Denny remains a thorn in his parents’ side. He’s critical of everyone, despite not being able to hold down a job (from apparent boredom) or find a purpose in life (at one point he began playing the French horn until he tired of it). He often clashed with Stem when they were both working for Red. His parents tried sending him to therapy once, which worked until Denny eloped with a girl named Amy Lin. The Whitshanks didn’t even know of his elopement until Amy’s parents called to inform them. To Abby, this is a prime example of how Denny never includes them in his personal life despite the families of his significant others always knowing about him. Guilt consumes Abby because Denny’s a stranger to his own family.
The author reveals several instances of Denny’s untethered nature in this chapter. For instance, he is known to take odd jobs and then quit suddenly. He even invites his family to a wedding at a restaurant where he has managed to become the chef, only for his family to discover it is Denny’s own wedding. This particularly hurts Abby because the bride’s mother, Lena, knows far more about Denny than the Whitshanks do about the bride, Carla. Denny then disappears and resurfaces, revealing Carla’s pregnancy, and disappears again. Denny later surprises the family by visiting for Thanksgiving with his daughter, Susan. During Thanksgiving, Denny engages his family, and in a show of support returns for Christmas with both Carla and Susan. He even begins to bring Susan home on a monthly basis. On one trip, however, Red queries an annoyed Denny about his job prospects, which ends the visits. The Whitshanks don’t hear from Denny again for three years.
Abby fears for Denny’s safety after the September 11th attacks. She finds Carla’s mother’s number in the phone book, and Amanda calls to obtain Denny’s number. She accuses him of being a rotten individual, so Denny returns home. Though he doesn’t bring Susan, “Denny did seem different—more cautious, more considerate of their feelings” (43). Still aloof, Denny eventually brings Susan around again, and the family learns he and Carla separated. To Abby’s annoyance, when Denny’s sister Jeannie later gives birth to a boy, Alexander, Jeannie asks Denny to watch her toddler, Deb, instead of Abby. Even though Jeannie suffered from postpartum depression, Abby resents that Denny was asked to help instead of her.
Two family stories frame the Whitshanks’ identity. In the first story, Red’s father, Junior, purchases the house on Bouton Road. Junior was born in 1926. His name stands for Jurvis Roy, not an actual “junior,” and he’s described as “poor white trash” (53). He began as a construction worker, but starts his own construction business, and “[in] 1934 he had eight employees; in 1935, twenty” (53). He marries Linnie Mae Inman the following year, has two children (Merrick and Redcliffe), and falls in love with a house he builds for his client Earnest Brill. Junior obsesses with the house’s construction, and he remains a handyman for the Brills after completing it. When Mrs. Brill finally tires of the house, Junior offers to take over, and Mr. Brill agrees. Though Red and Merrick settle into the neighborhood, Linnie and Junior never fit in. In time, the Whitshanks become synonymous with the house.
The second story involves Merrick, Red’s sister. Though Red seemed to be destined for construction since before college, Merrick started hanging out with a posh set of friends and climbing the social ladder. Her best friend, Pookie Vanderlin, gets engaged to a spoiled man named Walter Barrister III, or Trey. His mother, Eula Barrister, was domineering and condescending, and Pookie began despising them both. When school started again, Merrick began spending more time with Trey. To Red’s surprise, she sided with Trey in his fight with Pookie. Though Red realized his sister’s intentions, his parents didn’t. Trey and Merrick then wed, causing a scandal. Red married Abby Dalton, a girl he’d known since they were 12. Red eventually took over the house when his parents were killed by a freight train.
Despite the Whitshanks’ clannishness, “There was nothing remarkable about the Whitshanks. None of them was famous. None of them could claim exceptional intelligence. And in looks, they were no more than average” (72). The Whitshanks take pride in their houses and believe they have better taste than others. Religion makes them uneasy, as do extended families. To the Whitshanks, their two family stories symbolize patience. To outsiders, however, they symbolize envy.
Chapter 2 states that, “like most families, [the Whitshanks] believed that they were special” (72). Despite imagining themselves to be a model family, the Whitshanks are anything but. Their family stories highlight their delusion. Where they see virtuous traits like patience and noble clannishness, others see envy and haughtiness. From the very first pages, Anne Tyler strips the surface away to reveal the inner workings of a family whose shine only goes skin deep. Chapter 1, for instance, details their rocky relationship with their son, Denny. Denny left home at a young age. As an adult, he’s still completely unreliable. His parents never know his whereabouts, what his work entails, or when he’ll contact them. Though the narrative opens with Denny calling his parents to inform them that he’s gay, the subsequent anecdotes in the chapter reveal several wives and girlfriends that Denny’s had, seemingly all on a whim. Most of Chapter 1 revolves around the Whitshanks wondering if they’re bad parents because of how Denny turns out. Though Red blames Denny, Abby can’t help but blame Red for being too dominating a male figure. With each argument and second guess, the Whitshanks, for all their concern with being special, show themselves to be just like any other family dealing with parenting concerns and feelings of guilt.
Abby’s job as a social worker represents her mothering, protective nature. She sees the good in people, and from Red’s assessment, Abby can’t separate this kindness from overprotectiveness. Red’s job as the owner of a construction company highlights his relaxed yet business-like approach to the world. Yet neither understand their son, revealing flaws in perception. Stories like Junior’s and Merrick’s further explain just how human and prone to error the Whitshanks are. In just these two chapters, Tyler pinpoints the cracks of a modern American family and exposes the hidden underbelly that’s often so painstakingly hidden from public view. The family’s refusal to understand Denny’s story about being gay foreshadows lingering problems with which the Whitshanks will struggle throughout the narrative.
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By Anne Tyler